美术考研：中国美术史花鸟画总结（中篇），盘它
<article class="syl-article-base tt-article-content syl-page-article syl-device-pc"><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="1"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="color: #FFFFFF; --tt-darkmode-color: #FFFFFF;"><span style="background-color: #76923C; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #76923C;">柠宝们 你们好啊</span></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="2"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">我是含有</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="3"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">满满美术维C</span></p><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="4"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">可以提高你考研免疫力的</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="5"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="color: #00B050; --tt-darkmode-color: #00B050;">青柠学姐</span></strong></span></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7de6a18f3724040bdadd4246032fb12~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&x-expires=1667978692&x-signature=mQPiAfh4TZKBC0CRVa2X%2BrgEDlc%3D" img_width="1080" img_height="410" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7de6a18f3724040bdadd4246032fb12" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption"></p></div><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="6"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">我相信</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="7"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">看我文章的你</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="8"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="color: #FFC000; --tt-darkmode-color: #DCA600;">没有道理不上岸！</span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="9"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;"></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align:center;" data-track="11" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="12" class="syl-page-br syl-page-br-hide"><br></p><p data-track="13"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">今天呢，我们接着</span><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">中国美术史花鸟画总结！</span></u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">中篇！哈哈哈，别怕，青柠学姐已经整理的很简洁了，这都是</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">重中之重</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">啊！</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">一定要背！</span></strong></span></p><p data-track="14" class="syl-page-br syl-page-br-hide"><br></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37975f8e29214c64a89df045d3e2c79c~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&x-expires=1667978692&x-signature=MIaresBhrZNhF8vjJWRLPKsOX%2FE%3D" img_width="828" img_height="762" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/37975f8e29214c64a89df045d3e2c79c" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption"></p></div><p style="text-align:center;" data-track="15" class="syl-page-br syl-page-br-hide"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="16"><span style="color: #78944B; --tt-darkmode-color: #728D47;"><span style="background-color: #FEF7EC; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #C3BDB5;">伍：</span></span><span style="color: #78944B; --tt-darkmode-color: #78944B;">宋代</span></p><p data-track="18" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="19"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="color: #F5F5F4; --tt-darkmode-color: #F5F5F4;"><span style="background-color: #0C8918; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #0C8918;">宋代：发展到成熟阶段</span></span></strong></span></p><p data-track="20"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">宋代是花鸟画空前发展的前期。一方面有</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">画院画家</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">应宫廷厅堂装饰之需要而创作的承袭五代的</span><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">“黄家富贵”</span></u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">的花鸟画风。另一方面</span><strong><span style="color: #E2561B; --tt-darkmode-color: #E2561B;">文人士大夫</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">的水墨花鸟画也形成了独特的体系，</span><strong><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">不拘陈法，寄情于笔墨</span></u></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，与院体花鸟画形成鲜明对比。</span></span></p><p data-track="21" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="22"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;"></span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">院体画：</span></span></strong></p><p data-track="23"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">历代统治集团为了</span><strong><span style="color: #EB6794; --tt-darkmode-color: #EB6794;">政治宣传及满足其精神享受</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，莫不搜罗画手，组织创作，宫廷画院专门机构之制创自五代。至宋规模完备，呈现出</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FFEBF0; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #C9B9BD;">繁荣景象</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，大多花鸟画家重视</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FFEBF0; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #C9B9BD;">深入自然</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">对物态进行观察研究，作为构思和创造形象的依据，大都</span><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">精密不苟，细致入微。</span></u></span></p><p data-track="24"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">由于</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">黄体对花鸟画的垄断</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">。所在北宋前期长期100多年里，许多画家以效仿黄体为能事，放弃了对现实的体验，放弃了自己的个性，结果造成花鸟画发展的</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FEECAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEBF8E;">停滞</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，作品越来越</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FEECAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEBF8E;">庸俗</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">了，</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FEECAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEBF8E;">刻板，缺乏生气</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">。其后有一些个性的画家，</span><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">不满黄体的束缚</span></u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，坚持深入生活的写生之道，终于打破了黄体一花独放的局面，迎来了花鸟画的</span><strong><span style="color: #FF8124; --tt-darkmode-color: #FF8124;">又一次繁荣</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，其中以</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #C6C6C7; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #BEBEBF;">崔白</span></span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #C6C6C7; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #BEBEBF;">赵佶</span></span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">最为出色。</span></span></p><p data-track="25" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="26"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">✅</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">崔白：</span></span></strong></p><p data-track="27"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">技艺熟练，善于表现在自然环境中花鸟的</span><strong><span style="color: #374AAE; --tt-darkmode-color: #394DB5;">运动和变化</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">及相互联系，描写</span><strong><span style="color: #374AAE; --tt-darkmode-color: #394DB5;">不同季节</span></strong>气候下动物的生动形态。</span></p><p data-track="28"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">《双喜图》是一件巨幅花鸟画，表现在</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FEECAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEBF8E;">肃杀萧瑟</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">的秋风中</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FEECAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEBF8E;">山雀和野兔</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">的情态，被</span><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">劲风吹动的枯枝败叶衰草野竹</span></u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">,受惊扰而躁动不安的山雀，由此引起</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">野兔扬首回顾</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">的情节都刻画的精妙入微，鸟兽笔致工细，而山坡树干则用阔笔水墨画出,在写实中具有</span><strong><span style="color: #D32A63; --tt-darkmode-color: #D32A63;">野逸的情趣</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">。</span></span></p><p data-track="29" class="syl-page-br syl-page-br-hide"><br></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c9830ab86b894e9090b3e52688c45a2c~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&x-expires=1667978692&x-signature=tSjeFjSyYNVH8yvZc71Tdn%2FS5%2B4%3D" img_width="875" img_height="1638" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c9830ab86b894e9090b3e52688c45a2c" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption">《双喜图》</p></div><p data-track="31" class="syl-page-br syl-page-br-hide"><br></p><p data-track="32"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">✅</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">赵佶 :</span></span></strong></p><p data-track="33"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">书画创作和鉴赏颇有才华，他主持的</span><strong><span style="color: #D32A63; --tt-darkmode-color: #D32A63;">宣和画院</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">创作活动堪称古代宫廷画院之最，有高的文学修养，极力主张构思不落成套，只画花鸟，</span><strong><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">重视写实</span></u></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，对画家作品亲自审评。作品有</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FEECAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEBF8E;">细腻柔丽</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">的典型宫廷花鸟画：《瑞鹤图》、《芙蓉锦鸡图》</span></span></p><p data-track="34"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">也有</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FEECAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEBF8E;">水墨捕捉</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">的一种《柳鸦芦雁图》此图风格自然明亮，柳树与乌鸦采用</span><strong><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">没骨画法，设色浅淡</span></u></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，柳干、枝条、栖鸦等描绘细腻，栩栩如生。</span></span></p><p data-track="35"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">崔白等优秀画家的出现，预示着花鸟画表现领域的扩大和艺术技巧的进一步提高，标志着宋代花鸟发展到了</span></u><strong><u><span style="color: #374AAE; --tt-darkmode-color: #394DB5;">成熟阶段。</span></u></strong></span></p><p data-track="36" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="37" class="syl-page-br syl-page-br-hide"><br></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d968b7bb40084885bc08637c5efe9558~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&x-expires=1667978692&x-signature=di2nddo1FFC1OnfBBpjzxqhhAIA%3D" img_width="1080" img_height="400" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d968b7bb40084885bc08637c5efe9558" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption">赵佶《瑞鹤图》</p></div><p style="text-align:center;" data-track="38" class="syl-page-br syl-page-br-hide"><br></p><p data-track="40" class="syl-page-br syl-page-br-hide"><br></p><p data-track="41"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;"></span></span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">文人画：</span></span></strong></span></p><p data-track="42"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">北宋中后期文人士大夫绘画形成了独特体系，他们作品</span><strong><span style="color: #374AAE; --tt-darkmode-color: #394DB5;">抒情寄兴，壮物言志</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，不完全拘泥于形似格法，多好</span><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">水墨写意，爱画梅竹，</span></u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">以表现</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FEECAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEBF8E;">高洁</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">品格。文人画赋予梅兰竹菊以道德品格，号称</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FDE2D8; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEB8B0;">“四君子画”</span></span></span></p><p data-track="43" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="44"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">✅</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">文同：</span></span></strong></span></p><p data-track="45"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">诗人兼书法家，善于</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FEECAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEBF8E;">墨竹</span></span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，自号“笑笑先生”，世称“石室先生”。他与苏轼一样看重在绘画中</span><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">表现主观情怀</span></u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，运用书法用笔把</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FEECAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEBF8E;">墨竹</span></span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">画推向新水平，开创了</span><span style="color: #374AAE; --tt-darkmode-color: #394DB5;">湖州竹派</span>。</span></p><p data-track="46" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="47"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">✅</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">苏轼：</span></span></strong></span></p><p data-track="48"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">号“东坡居士”，</span><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">与米芾、黄庭坚、蔡襄并称为</span></u><strong><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #CCA4E3; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CCA4E3;">宋四家</span></span></u></strong><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">。</span></u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">尤擅画墨竹、枯木怪石，勾皴擦破，干湿浓淡，技法全面而互不干扰。发墨清晰，毫不滞涩，别有一番意蕴《枯木怪石图》。</span></span></p><p data-track="49" class="syl-page-br syl-page-br-hide"><br></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2647ef3fd90b4daca3ae1f346da908eb~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&x-expires=1667978692&x-signature=2dcm5yBc%2FmK1HKPOueMnNUSa9iU%3D" img_width="1080" img_height="551" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2647ef3fd90b4daca3ae1f346da908eb" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption">苏轼《枯木怪石图》</p></div><p data-track="52" class="syl-page-br syl-page-br-hide"><br></p><p data-track="53"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">✅</span></span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">扬无咎：</span></span></span></p><p data-track="54"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">字补之，不慕荣利，是善画</span><strong><span style="color: #374AAE; --tt-darkmode-color: #394DB5;">墨梅</span></strong>的文人画家。他所画墨梅<strong><span style="color: #374AAE; --tt-darkmode-color: #394DB5;">朴素无华</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，具有高雅绝尘的气质，《四梅花卷》画含苞、初开、盛开、花谢四种状态，并题词抒情，体现了</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #CCA4E3; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CCA4E3;">文人画诗书画并重</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">的要求</span></span></p><p data-track="55" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="56"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">✅</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">法常 ：</span></span></span></p><p data-track="57"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">元初擅画</span><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">龙虎、猿鹤、禽鸟、山水、花竹人物</span></u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，多以</span><strong><span style="color: #374AAE; --tt-darkmode-color: #394DB5;">水墨</span></strong>随意点染而成，不求形似，不拘陈法，笔墨简单，黑白相生，意趣超凡，似含禅机，他的水墨花鸟花并未得到一致认可。《松猿图》明净虚和，形简而意足的画风，<u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">与当时梁楷简笔人物画相通，开辟了花鸟画的新天地。</span></u></span></p><p data-track="58"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">在明清花鸟画大家沈周、陈淳、徐渭、八大山人的作品中，都可以看到法常的痕迹，作品流到日本，对日本绘画也产生了极大</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FEECAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEBF8E;">影响。</span></span></span></p><p data-track="59" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="60" class="syl-page-br syl-page-br-hide"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;" data-track="61"><span style="color: #78944B; --tt-darkmode-color: #728D47;"><span style="background-color: #FEF7EC; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #C3BDB5;">陆：</span></span><span style="color: #78944B; --tt-darkmode-color: #78944B;">元代</span></p><p data-track="64" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="65"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">花鸟画大体可分为两类，一类是</span><span style="color: #E2561B; --tt-darkmode-color: #E2561B;">延续宋代院体花鸟画儿</span>略有发展，另一类则是继承苏轼、米芾等文人画传统基础上继续发展并占主流地位的<span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FDE2D8; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEB8B0;">水墨花鸟画</span></span>，大都借梅兰竹菊之形以喻<span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FDE2D8; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEB8B0;">君子之德</span></span>。</span></p><p data-track="66" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="67"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">✅</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">钱选：</span></span></strong></span></p><p data-track="68"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">“吴兴八俊”之列，人物、山水、花鸟皆能的高手，多描绘古代</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">高人隐士</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">或表现</span><span style="color: #374AAE; --tt-darkmode-color: #394DB5;">隐居情趣</span>的家乡山水。用笔稚拙而意境脱俗。花鸟花<span style="color: #E2561B; --tt-darkmode-color: #E2561B;">早期工丽细致</span>，而<span style="color: #E2561B; --tt-darkmode-color: #E2561B;">晚年转向清淡</span>。绘画中的士气，要<u>“无求于世，不以赞毁挠怀”</u>，有别于以绘画谋生的职业画家的绘画，显示了文人画家与职业画家在艺术上的鸿沟愈加明显。</span></p><p data-track="69" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="70"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">✅</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">赵孟頫：</span></span></strong></span></p><p data-track="71"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">绘画上，</span><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">他力主变革南宋院体格调</span></u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，谓</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FEECAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEBF8E;">“作画贵有古意，若无古意，虽工无益”</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">并系统地提出了书画用笔相同的理论。</span>用笔萧疏，墨色变化丰富《秀石疏林图 》写竹石荆棘等自然物，<strong><u>横涂竖抹、自由挥洒，</u></strong>充分表现作者的个性。</span></p><p data-track="72" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="73"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">✅</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">李衎：</span></span></strong></span></p><p data-track="74"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">擅长画</span><strong><span style="color: #F5F5F4; --tt-darkmode-color: #F5F5F4;"><span style="background-color: #0C8918; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #0C8918;">竹子</span></span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，曾入江南竹乡深入观察，深得</span><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">竹之“理”画风严谨</span></u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，由于过分重视写真，被当时画家高克恭评为</span><strong><span style="color: #E2561B; --tt-darkmode-color: #E2561B;">似而不神。</span></strong>《双勾竹石图》<strong>《息斋竹谱》</strong>，对竹的结构品类、生长规律及画法详加剖析，既重写意又重法度，<u>此书是古代画竹的重要专著。</u></span></p><p data-track="75" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="76"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">✅</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">陈琳：</span></span></strong></span></p><p data-track="77"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">精于</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">花鸟山水人物</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，曾受赵孟頫指授，故其画带有士气。</span></span></p><p data-track="78"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">《溪凫fu图 》访问赵孟頫时所做，在纸上以</span><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">水墨淡着色</span></u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，画水岸边 鸭、坡岸、水纹等皆用粗笔写出和院体疏异。</span></span></p><p data-track="79" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="80"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">✅</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">王渊：</span></span></strong></span></p><p data-track="81"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">画花鸟</span><strong><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">师法黄荃</span></u></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，能</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FDE2D8; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEB8B0;">作富贵艳丽的工笔重彩画</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，最能代表他的艺术水平的则是工笔的</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #FEECAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #CEBF8E;">墨花墨禽</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">。《竹石集禽图》《桃竹锦鸡图》</span></span></p><p data-track="82" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="83"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">✅</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">张中：</span></span></strong></span></p><p data-track="84"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">擅画</span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #C6C6C7; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #BEBEBF;">水墨花鸟、粗简淡逸，兼工带写</span></span><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，对明清花鸟画有一定影响。《芙蓉鸳鸯图》以水墨表现鸳鸯嬉戏，用笔活脱挺秀，技巧颇为娴熟。</span></span></p><p data-track="85" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="86"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">✅</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">王冕：</span></span></strong></span></p><p data-track="87"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">工诗，擅画</span><strong><span style="color: #EF7060; --tt-darkmode-color: #EF7060;">梅竹</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，常在诗文中流露出</span><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">对社会现实黑暗的不满</span></u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">。所画梅花枝繁花密，充满生意，借梅花</span><strong><span style="color: #EF7060; --tt-darkmode-color: #EF7060;">抒发其志趣</span></strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">，流露出</span><u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">不甘与黑暗社会同流合污的精神</span></u><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">《墨梅图》</span></span></p><p data-track="88" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="89"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">✅</span><strong><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #000000;"><span style="background-color: #A6FFAF; --tt-darkmode-bgcolor: #90DD98;">柯九思：</span></span></strong></span></p><p data-track="90"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">画</span><strong><span style="color: #0C8918; --tt-darkmode-color: #0C8918;">墨竹</span></strong>，近师李衎，十分注重以书法用笔入画《晚香高洁图》。</span></p><p data-track="91" class="syl-page-br syl-page-br-hide"><br></p><div class="pgc-img"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b0ade073792f45b1b1a0b3f855affc5a~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&x-expires=1667978692&x-signature=%2F%2BdaSCkkU6FXQD3Rsqh8WFCvDlU%3D" img_width="828" img_height="749" image_type="1" mime_type="image/jpeg" web_uri="tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b0ade073792f45b1b1a0b3f855affc5a" class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><p class="pgc-img-caption"></p></div><p data-track="92" class="syl-page-br syl-page-br-hide"><br></p><p data-track="93"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;">ok，青柠学姐今天就讲到这里咯，上篇背完了吗？中篇接力哦！</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5px;"><span style="color: #000000; --tt-darkmode-color: #A3A3A3;"></span></span></p></article>
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