2023考研英语翻译预测——名词性从句的翻译
<div><div><div><span id="article-img-0" class="a-image"><img src="//i1.go2yd.com/image.php?url=YD_cnt_55_01HYJ2ZHYgE5"></span></div></div></div><div><p>时光飞逝，转眼就到了十二月。距离考研只有不到二十天的时间了。同学们都复习得怎么样呢？今天继续是我们的翻译专题，而今天所要探讨的是——名词性从句的翻译。<br></p></div><div><p>名词性从句指的是用从句充当名词所做成分的从句。具体而言，名词性从句可分为四类——主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。而在我们翻译中，为了保证中文译文的流畅性，我们针对不同从句所采用的策略也是不一样的。下面进行逐一分析：</p></div><div><p><strong>1</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>主语从句</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>（1）连词在句首的主语从句。一般按顺序翻译即可。</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>What is harder to establish is whether the productivity</strong><strong>revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding</strong><strong>over is for real.</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>本句一上来就是What引导的主语从句——</strong><strong>What is harder to establish</strong><strong>.主句的谓语是is，后面跟了个whether引导的表语从句。在这个表语从句中，主干是</strong><strong>the productivity</strong><strong>revolution is for real. p</strong><strong>roductivity</strong><strong> revolution </strong><strong>后面的that是修饰其定语从句，还原后为</strong><strong>they are presiding</strong><strong>over </strong><strong>the</strong><strong> productivity</strong><strong>revolution. </strong></p></div><div><p><strong>本句的主语从句是连词在句首的主语从句，按顺序翻译即可。</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>译文：难以确定的是，商界人士认为他们所主导的生产力革命是否真的存在。</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>（2）形式主语。先看该形式主语是否有固定的译法，如果有，则按照固定译法翻译。如It</strong><strong> is said that </strong><strong>据说。如果没有固定译法，则先翻译真正的主语，之后再翻译i</strong><strong>t is adj.</strong><strong>结构。如果后面结构太过复杂，可以拆成两部分翻译，第二部分用“这”替代i</strong><strong>t</strong><strong>。</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a</strong><strong>country’s economy is directly bound up with the</strong><strong>efficiency of its agriculture and industry.</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>首先分析语法，i</strong><strong>t is obvious</strong><strong>是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。在从句中，主干是</strong><strong>the strength is directly bound up.</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>本句 it</strong><strong> is obvious </strong><strong>是固定译法，翻译为“显而易见的是”，按固定译法进行翻译。</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>译文：再者，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关。</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>2</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>宾语从句和表语从句</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>宾语从句和表语从句一般从用顺序翻译即可，不用调整语序。这里不再举例分析。</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>3</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>同位语从句</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>（1）如果同位语是主语的同位语，则一般先翻译同位语，再翻译主语</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the</strong><strong>established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>先进行语法分析，本句的主干部分是</strong><strong>the idea rests on an understanding. The idea </strong><strong>后面的that是引导了解释说明idea具体内容的同位语从句。</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>从本句可以看出，该同位语从句是说明主语，所以应该先翻译同位语从句，再翻译主句。</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>译文：记者必须比普通公民对法律有更深刻的理解，但是这种观点是基于对新闻媒体既有惯例和特殊责任的理解。</strong></p></div><div><p><strong>（2）如果同位语不是主语的同位语，则先翻译主干部分，再翻译同位语从句。</strong></p></div><div><p> Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.</p></div><div><p><strong>首先是语法分析，本句主干是</strong><strong>many thinkers had sustained more ancient ways… </strong><strong>后面的including是做状语，that</strong><strong>the</strong><strong> E</strong><strong>arth</strong><strong>was</strong><strong>…</strong><strong>是补充说明</strong><strong>geocentric view</strong><strong>的同位语从句。</strong></p></div><h3><p>
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