考研英语写作A部分命题的特点和规律
<article class="syl-article-base tt-article-content syl-page-article syl-device-pc"><p><a class="tteditor-forum" data-name="我的考研故事" data-uid="" data-id="" data-concern-id="1653500771517443" rel="noopener noreferrer">#我的考研故事#</a><img class="syl-page-img" style="height: auto;"><br></p><p data-track="3">2005年研究生入学考试英语考试的变化之一是在写作部分增加了应用文写作,其目的在于考查考生进行一般性应用文写作、运用英语书面语言表达日常交际实际需要的能力。英语应用文指在日常工作和生活中应用的文体,其类型多样,包括信函、备忘录、摘要、报告,通知等。写好应用文,考生关键要掌握其宏观语篇结构与具体语言形式,即既要懂得每一类型应用文的格式与基本框架(先写什么,后写什么),又要得体地运用恰当的语言形式(包括具体的词汇和句型)。由于平时考生对应用文的写作不太关注,另外由于其类型也变化多样,因此考生在复习阶段需全面熟悉常见应用文的基本格式,并多加练习,为应用文写作打下牢固的基础。</p><p data-track="2">要写好应用文,应注意:</p><p>(1)达到题目中的字数要求,研究生人学考试应用文一般字数要求为100字左右,篇幅过长或过短都不宜。</p><p data-track="4">(2)内容上在覆盖要求中的所有信息点的同时要注意语言的简炼,写作时可以利用提示语中的关键词,但不能完全照抄照搬原题提示。</p><p data-track="5">(3)严格按照约定的规范格式书写,根据应用文写作的对象选择语域。语域指在书面和口语达中根据不同的交际对象所采用的措辞方式,即正式及非正式体。如在书信写作中,根据收信人身份判断所采用的话语方式。如果是私人朋友间的书信就要用非正式体。而公务信函就应该是正式的、礼貌的。</p><p data-track="2">(4)尊重交际规则。应用文是社会交往的一种形式,其根本性在于它是社会交往的书面形式。</p><p data-track="2">一、信函型写作</p><p data-track="2">书信是研究生应用文写作考查的重点。</p><p data-track="2">(一)英文信函的布局和格式</p><p data-track="2">这部分不会成为书信考查的重点,因此考生只需做一般了解即可。</p><p data-track="6">英文信函的布局方式有三种:缩行式(indented form)、齐头式(blocked form)和混排式(modified form)。</p><p data-track="8">(1)缩行式在形式上讲究匀称美观,是传统的排列范式。其要领在于信头(发信人姓名、地址,发信日期)、结束语和签名都靠右或偏右,而封内地址和称呼则靠左,正文每段开始要缩入五个英文字母。</p><p data-track="9">(2)齐头式的排列要领在于每个要素都从左边开始排列,每一行都不需要向右缩入因而整封信的左边成一垂直线而右边参差不齐。段落之间空一行,这种布局现在主要用于已经打印出信头的商业信函中。</p><p data-track="10">(3)混排式集合了上面两种形式的特点,是另外一种流行的英文书信范式。它的排列要点是信头、结束语、签名排在右边,封内地址和称呼排在左边,正文采用齐头式。</p><p data-track="11">英文信函通常由以下几个要素组成:信头(heading）、信内地址(inside address)称(salutation)、正文(body of the letter)、结尾客套(complimentary closing)、签名(signature)、附件(enclosure)、再启(Postscript，缩写为P.S.)</p><p data-track="12">(1)信头。又称信端,一般包括发信人的姓名(单位名称)、地址和日期。在公务信函中它的内容比较全面,甚至可以包括发信人或单位的电话号码、电报挂号、传真和邮政编码等。信头一般写在页面的右上角,但有些单位的信头已经打印在信纸居中部位了。</p><p data-track="13">英文地址的写法与中文完全不同,其名称按从小到大的顺序排列:如果写信人的地址是机关单位,则将其作为第一行。否则第一行写门牌号码和街名；第二行写县,市、省、州、邮编、国名。如果写信人单位没有门牌号码和街名,则第一行写所在班级或专组的名称；第二行写系、科、室；第三行写学校名称；第四行写市、县、省、州；然后再写国名、邮政编码、电话号码。邮政编码与前面的州或省名之间不用逗号隔开,如: Los Angeles, California 90007。</p><p data-track="14">日期的写法有多种,如： January 15,2004(最常用）； January 15th，2004 ；15th Jangary,2004；4 July</p><p data-track="15">1991等。注意月份不能用数字代替,一月必须用 January表示，年份不能简写,1999不能写成99。</p><p data-track="16">标点符号的英式写法是在每行末尾加逗号,最后一行的未加句号；美式写法是每一行的末尾都不用,但在每一行的中间,该用的还要用。现在后者较为常用。</p><p data-track="17">信头书写举例如下：</p><p data-track="18" class="syl-line-pure-english">Jones Manufacturing Co., Ltd</p><p data-track="37" class="syl-line-pure-english">1400 Main Avenue</p><p data-track="39" class="syl-line-pure-english">Cleveland, OH 25000</p><p data-track="38" class="syl-line-pure-english">11 Sepeember 2004</p><p data-track="36" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="35" class="syl-line-pure-english">Department of Chemistry</p><p data-track="24" class="syl-line-pure-english">Xiamen University</p><p data-track="29" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="30" class="syl-line-pure-english">Xiamien，361005</p><p data-track="43" class="syl-line-pure-english">P. R. China</p><p data-track="46" class="syl-line-pure-english">Dec.10,2003</p><p data-track="42" class="syl-line-pure-english">Flat 3, 3rd Floor</p><p data-track="44" class="syl-line-pure-english">Dormitory 4，</p><p data-track="45" class="syl-line-pure-english">Beijing University</p><p data-track="40" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="34" class="syl-line-pure-english">Haitian,Beijing</p><p data-track="21" class="syl-line-pure-english">China</p><p data-track="22" class="syl-line-pure-english">6th January,2003</p><p data-track="47">(2)信内地址。信内地址包括收信人的姓名(单位名称)和地址。在一般的社交信中,该都分通常省略,但是在公务信函中则不可以。信内地写在信纸的左上角,从信纸的左边顶格开始写,低于信头一二行,与信端的书写格式保持一致。其内容的排列顺序依次是：收信人称呼和姓名(也可省略）、收信人的单位名称、收信人地址。</p><p data-track="48">信内地址书写举例如下：</p><p data-track="49">写给单位里的个人：</p><p data-track="51" class="syl-line-pure-english">Mr. John Smith</p><p data-track="54" class="syl-line-pure-english">Ajax Oil Company</p><p data-track="56" class="syl-line-pure-english">289 Comnmonwealth Ave.</p><p data-track="59" class="syl-line-pure-english">Boston, MA 021I5</p><p data-track="60">写给单位里不知姓名的领导:</p><p data-track="62" class="syl-line-pure-english">The Manager</p><p data-track="69" class="syl-line-pure-english">Benton Bolt Company</p><p data-track="67" class="syl-line-pure-english">1011 N. Wail Street</p><p data-track="66" class="syl-line-pure-english">New York,N. Y. 10010</p><p data-track="61">写给单位或组织：</p><p data-track="63" class="syl-line-pure-english">CITIC Hong Kong. Ltd.</p><p data-track="71" class="syl-line-pure-english">25th Floor，Admiralty Center, Tower1</p><p data-track="72" class="syl-line-pure-english">18 Harcourt Road, Hong Kong</p><p data-track="73" class="syl-page-br"><br></p><p data-track="74">(3)称呼。称呼即写信人对收信人的称谓，它取决于写信人和收信人之间的关系。公务信函中称呼的一般形式是 Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms./Mis+收信人的姓氏。当不知道收信人姓名时可称呼 Dear Sir/Madam/Sirs/ Mesdames,或 To whom it may concern,用 Gentlemen时之前不能加Dear,后面也不能带姓名。也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如: Dear Prol. Zhong, Dear Dr. John Smith。写给关系密切的人时，用Dear或 My dear加上称呼或对方名字。例如: My dear mother，Dear Mary等。称呼写在信内地址下面第二或第三行首。</p><p data-track="75">(4)正文。正文是一封书信中最重要的部分,也是书信写作考查的重点。它和写短文类似,要分层次进行,正文可由一或多个段落组成,但其内容应包含三个部分:引言、发展和结尾部分。引言部分讲明写信目的(如：求职、申请学校和专业等)和写信背景(如：促使你写信的某件事或某个广告)、发展部分陈述相关要点,这部分相当于一篇文章的主体段落,内容应详实,具体。结尾部分可简要重中间部分的要点或致谢、敦促收信人早日回信等。考生注意在写作题目要求中往往规定了很多内容要点,因此考生应按照要求逐段表达这些要点,文字要求简明准确、思路要求条理清晰，同时可以把每一点扩充成一段。</p><p data-track="76">正文从称呼下一行开始,其格式有缩进式和齐头式两种。采用缩进式的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母,第二行起从左面顶格写起。采用齐头式，则每一行都从左面顶格写起。</p><p data-track="78">(5)结尾语。信的正文写完以后,应当有表致敬的结束语。结束语是写信人对收信人的一种客套称呼,它需要根据写信人与收信人之间的关系而定,最常见的有：Yours sincerely或 Sincerely yours(适用于各种关系）。比较正式的结束语有:(Very) Respectfully yours, Yours (very) respectfully,用于地位高的人或长辈; (Very) Truly yours, Yours(very) truly,用于不大熟悉而彼此间又需要客气的人;(Very) Faithfully yours, Yours(very) faithfully,用于对机关的正式函件。非正式的结语有:Affectionately yours, Yours affectionately, Lovingly yours,用于最亲密的友人之间; Yours lovirgly,Yours loving father用于亲密的家人之间；loving ,Devotedly ,Your own,All my love用于情人、夫妻之间。</p><p data-track="79">结束语只占一行,低于正文一二行,从信纸中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的首字母要大写,末尾用逗号。</p><p data-track="80">（6）签名。信末的签名或落款在结束语下一二行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始写。公务信函中签名下面往往还有打印的名字,以便识别。有时可在署名前用括号注上 Mr.、 Miss、Mrs.或Ms,以便对方回信时知道如何称呼。有的还在署名下一行写上自己的职称、职务或头衔。现在为了打字方便,很多人(特别是美国人)将写信人的名字分别打印和签在信纸左端、正文之下两三行处,与信内地址、称呼以及正文各段的左端垂直排列对齐。需要注意的是落款的姓名应与称呼相对应,如果是写给一个机构的信件,落款应当是全名,如果是写给关系密切的人,只写名字就可以。</p><p data-track="83">(7)附件、再启。信件如果有附件,可在签名的下一行、信纸的左下角标注Enclosure,Encl:或Enc:,例如：Encl:3 photos(内附三张照片)。此处注意要与正文齐头。如果附件不止一项,应写成Enclosures、Encls或 Encs.</p><p data-track="84">如果信件已经写完,突然又想起遗漏需要补充的事情,这时需用P.S.表示,后面紧接着写上补充的话语。该部分通常写在信结尾处签名下面几行的左部分,与正文齐头。需要注意的是,在正式的信函中,应避免使用附言。</p><p data-track="86">二、信的基本类型及内容要点</p><p data-track="86">1.信的基本类型</p><p data-track="87">英文书信主要分为两大类:私人信函和公务信函。私人信函是指与朋友、家人之间的往来书信,其内容比较自由,只需要包括以下几个部分即可:日期、称呼、正文、落款。公务信函类型多样,应用范围非常广泛,属正式文体,包括求职信、辞职信、拒聘信、询问信、复询信、留学和奖学金申请信、投诉信、答复赔偿信等。此类信件的共同特点是:1.内容明确,不可漫无目标;2.措辞诚恳,坦然,不能感情夸张;3.语言清晰、简洁、有礼。从形式上看应该侧重考查公务信函,因为只有此类信函才需用到书面语的正式语体。</p><p data-track="86">2.各类信函的内容要点</p><p data-track="88">以下主要针对公务信函,介绍几种常见信函的基本特点。对于其他不同功能的信件,考生可以根据本书的介绍做到举一反三。在备考阶段,考生应熟悉各类信函的书写模式及常用话语并加强练习。</p><p data-track="86">(1)求职信( Letters of Applying for job)</p><p data-track="89">通常包含三个部分:引言部分写明写信原因、具体谋求的职位、获得申请信息的来源(如:报纸广告、熟人介绍)等。发展部分叙述自己能够胜任该职位所具备的条件,包括教育背景、工作经历、社会实践等。</p><p data-track="90">这部分内容要具体,不要空洞游说或者列举,用事实说服会更有力。结尾部分主要是客套语,如请求及时回信、希望当面洽谈、提供进一步接触的联系方式或指出附件中有相关的证明文件等。</p><p data-track="86">求职信的语言应严谨、规范、得体。其常用套语有:</p><p data-track="86">引言:I am writing to apply for the post of... advertised in...</p><p data-track="86" class="syl-line-pure-english">In answer to your advertisement in... for the post of... ，I would like to apply for...</p><p data-track="86" class="syl-line-pure-english">I have learned from...,(sb.) of your opening/vacancy for...(job), and am therefore writing to apply for the post.</p><p data-track="91">发展:I am now a senior studeat in (Department) of (University), and I expect to graduate in (date) with a degree in( discipline).</p><p data-track="93" class="syl-line-pure-english">I receive my (degree) in (subject) from ( name of university) in (date).</p><p data-track="94" class="syl-line-pure-english">Since graduation, I have been working with (name of company/organization) as (job title)</p><p data-track="95" class="syl-line-pure-english">I was awarded the prize of (title) in ( month/year) for (eg. good performance in etc.)</p><p data-track="96" class="syl-line-pure-english">I am confident that my academic training has prepared me to hande the job.</p><p data-track="97">结尾：Enclosed are testimonials from my university teacher and my present employer.</p><p data-track="98" class="syl-line-pure-english">If these meet your requirements, please grant me an interview.</p><p data-track="99">范例:</p><p data-track="100" class="syl-line-pure-english">Directions:</p><p data-track="101" class="syl-line-pure-english">You come across a want advertisement in 21st Century Talent Report for store manager of a Panda chain restaurant. Write a letter to apply for the job by providing the following information: 1) your interest in the position, 2) your qualifications, 3) your hope for an interview opportunity.</p><p data-track="104" class="syl-line-pure-english">Dear Sir or Madam:</p><p data-track="105" class="syl-line-pure-english">Your advertisement in 21st Cenfury Talent Report appealed to me to: reaons. You plan to open up a new branch of Panda restaurants; I seek the opporunity to manage a newly-opened store. I am also interested in building my career in the food industry. Therefore, I have decided to submit my resume in application for the position of Store Manager.</p><p data-track="110" class="syl-line-pure-english">My relevant experience includes three years as a chef in a SiChuan restaurant and my current position as assistant store manager of New China restaurant in Beijing.</p><p data-track="112" class="syl-line-pure-english">I look forward to discussing opportunities at Panda with you. I will call you next week to make sure you have received my resume and to set up mutually agreeable time for us to speak</p><p data-track="114" class="syl-line-pure-english">Yours truly,</p><p data-track="116" class="syl-line-pure-english">Ming</p><p data-track="117">(2)辞职信(Letters of Resignation)</p><p data-track="118">正式的辞职信应具备以下四大要素:a)填写对受理者恰当的称呼;b)告知对方你的决定;c）清楚写明辞职的原由(如：未受公司重用或尊重,健康、家庭或个人原因,另觅一更适合自己的工作等)；d）对原单位所给予工作机会以及提供的工作经历表示感谢,或对因自己辞职给对方带来的不便示谦意；e）表达对原单位良好祝愿并签名。其常用套语如下：</p><p data-track="117" class="syl-line-pure-english">a)Dear Mr. Smith</p><p data-track="117" class="syl-line-pure-english">b)I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from current pisition,</p><p data-track="117" class="syl-line-pure-english">c)I hereby confirm in writing my resignation from ABC company beacause of family reasons.</p><p data-track="119" class="syl-line-pure-english">d)I would like to express my sincere gratitude and thanks for all the support that I have received over the I ast few weeks, and for the enjoyable experience of having worked for your Company.</p><p data-track="117" class="syl-line-pure-english">I hope you will consider my request, and I apologize for any inconveniences I might have caused.</p><p data-track="117" class="syl-line-pure-english">e)I wish all of you a Prosperous future</p><p data-track="117">范例:2005年硕士研究生入学考试作文题(见真题分析）</p><p data-track="117">(3)留学和奖学申请信(Letters of Applying for Admittance and Scholarship)</p><p data-track="120">申请信主要体现写信人的动机和个性。申请学校负责人希望过该信知道你是否具有人的学术理由和是否有足够的训练和资格来保证你实现未来学术上的进一步研究。信的内容应包括:</p><p data-track="121">a)申请该学校/奖学原因;b)使你某个专业产生兴趣的学术背景和训练；c)工作经验;d)能证明你潜能的研究;e）未来职业计。</p><p data-track="123">此外也可以具体介绍你的兴趣和活动来强调你的个性特点(如:领导才能、热情、创造力等)。如果对方学校有要求,还应附上“个人简历”、学习成绩、研究成果的摘要等。</p><p data-track="124">申请信的语言应自然而平实,避免使用像 excellent, remarkable, wonderful, great之类的形容词吹捧申请的学校或夸耀自己。其常用套语有：</p><p data-track="122" class="syl-line-pure-english">I am a student in...， expecting to graduate with a Bachelor's degree this summer.</p><p data-track="122" class="syl-line-pure-english">I am interested in... and plan to apply for admission for (time).</p><p data-track="122" class="syl-line-pure-english">I am writing in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to further my study in...</p><p class="syl-line-pure-english">I should be pleased to forward my credentials, such as references, transcripts and photocopies of IELTS scores.</p><p data-track="122">范例:</p><p data-track="122" class="syl-line-pure-english">Directions:</p><p data-track="125" class="syl-line-pure-english">Suppose you are a major in Environmental Engineering of Beijing University. After graduation you decide to pursue study in the graduate school in State University of New York. Write a letter of application for admission，which should include the following points:</p><p data-track="126" class="syl-line-pure-english">1) make an application 2) provide your personal information and academic documents 3) express your hope for a reply</p><p data-track="127" class="syl-line-pure-english">To Whom It May Concern:</p><p data-track="128" class="syl-line-pure-english">I would like to apply for admission to the master's program in environmental science at your graduate school, beginning in fall 2006.</p><p data-track="130" class="syl-line-pure-english">As a bachelor of science, I will graduate from Beijing University, Beijing， China in the summer of 2005 where I majored in Environmental Engineering. I have completed all the required undergraduate courses with satisfactory scores. Official copies of my transcript and of my TOEFL and GRE scores are being sent separately from the offices concerned. Three recommendation letters are also being sent by my professors. I do not have the funds to finance my educhtion;therefore I will be applying for an application fee waiver and full financial support from the university to cover tuition and living expenses.</p><p data-track="131" class="syl-line-pure-english">I look forward to your early reply.Please do not hesitate to contact me if my sopporting documents are not enough for consideration of my application. You can contact me by e-mail at LiMing @yaboo.com. Thank you for your kind assistance in this malter.</p><p data-track="129" class="syl-line-pure-english">Sincerely.</p><p data-track="129" class="syl-line-pure-english">Li Ming</p><p data-track="129">(4)询问信(Letters of Inquiry)</p><p data-track="132">可分三大部分:引言部分自我介绍并讲明询问目的。发展部分是询问的主要内容,如果包括多个方面,为了让对方一目了然,也便于回答,在内容的安排上应简明扼要,可以用数字列出具体问题,如first， second, third或1、2、3。结尾部分真诚地感谢对方。</p><p data-track="129">由于询问有可能给对方带来麻烦,所以措辞要谦虚、诚恳。其常用套语有:</p><p data-track="129">引言: As a student at... university， I am preparing for...</p><p data-track="129" class="syl-line-pure-english">Your answers to the questions below would help me...</p><p data-track="129" class="syl-line-pure-english">As we are particularly interested in...， we should be grateful if you would kindly...</p><p data-track="129">发展：Could you please send me the relevant informntion and application form?</p><p data-track="129">结尾: Your answer will contrilute to my project.</p><p data-track="133" class="syl-line-pure-english">I would apprciate receiving your answer by...(time)</p><p data-track="134">范例1:</p><p data-track="135" class="syl-line-pure-english">Directions:</p><p data-track="136" class="syl-line-pure-english">You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:</p><p data-track="138" class="syl-line-pure-english">1) detailed information about the books you want, 2) methods of payment. 3) time and way of delivery.</p><p data-track="141" class="syl-line-pure-english">Dear Sir/Madam.</p><p data-track="142" class="syl-line-pure-english">As a student preparing for TOEFL in the coming May, I am writing to ask if you have Approaches to TOEFL complied by Professor Wang Siming and published by University College Press in 2004.</p><p data-track="144" class="syl-line-pure-english">If you have the book for sale, I'd like to mail order it. Please let me know if I can pay for it by money order or do you accept MasterCard?</p><p data-track="146" class="syl-line-pure-english">I'd appreciate it if you could send me the book at your earliest convenience by EMS to the following</p><p data-track="147" class="syl-line-pure-english">address:</p><p data-track="148" class="syl-line-pure-english">Li Ming</p><p data-track="149" class="syl-line-pure-english">Room 239,Student Dormitory No. 11</p><p data-track="150" class="syl-line-pure-english">West Campus, Baoshan University</p><p data-track="151" class="syl-line-pure-english">Baoshan,103008</p><p data-track="152">范例2:</p><p data-track="153" class="syl-line-pure-english">Directions:</p><p data-track="154" class="syl-line-pure-english">You are doing a research project on the future of the printing industry. Write a letter to the industry market analyst Mr. Wang to ask for:</p><p data-track="156" class="syl-line-pure-english">1) the challenges the industry is facing 2) the role of technologies 3) the trend in the industry</p><p data-track="157" class="syl-line-pure-english">Dear Mr.Wang:</p><p data-track="158" class="syl-line-pure-english">As a student at Beijing College of printing, I am currently doing a research project on the future of the printing industry. I feel that an inside view of the market situation at this time would he added to my report and would be of interest to the rest of the class. Would you please spend a few minutes answering a few questions about the market for printing industry?</p><p data-track="162" class="syl-line-pure-english">1. In general, what challenges is the printing industry facing at this time, and what types of strategies are being used to meet them?</p><p data-track="164" class="syl-line-pure-english">2. What types of technologies are important to this industry at present, and what technologies do you feel will play an important role in the near future?</p><p data-track="166" class="syl-line-pure-english">3. Do you think that this industry will experience growth in the future,and,if so, what trends do you expect to see occurring?</p><p data-track="168" class="syl-line-pure-english">My report is due at the end of April so I would be very grateful for your reply by mid March. I appreciate your taking the time to answer these questions and I would be pleased to send you a copy of my report if you would like one.</p><p data-track="171" class="syl-line-pure-english">Thank you in advance for your attention to my request.</p><p data-track="172" class="syl-line-pure-english">Sincerely,</p><p data-track="173" class="syl-line-pure-english">Li Ming</p><p data-track="174">(5)投诉信</p><p data-track="175">投诉信主要对服务设施、商品等表示不满而向有关厂家商店写的信件。写此类信件时候,应注意写的目的不仅仅是表示不满,更重要的是让对方了解你所遇到的问题,并根据要求做出相应的补偿。因投诉信的内容可包括:</p><p data-track="178">反映问题。比如应具体说明什么质量问题,并提供确切的发票,问题的内容要明确具体。</p><p data-track="179">说明由此问题所带来的不便、比如时间或精神上的损失等,内容要实事求是。</p><p data-track="180">提出解决方案,赔偿方法和方式等,所提出的要求要合理。</p><p data-track="181">结尾既要提出希望,比如要求对方尽快解决问题,同时又要为对方做出的努力表示感谢,这样对方才可能以积极的态度处理并解决你的问题。</p><p data-track="183">投诉信的语气要坚决,但注意礼貌用词,不宜过分尖锐,叙述问题时用过去时态。其常用套语有:</p><p data-track="184">引言：I am returning... which I bought from your store in... (time).</p><p data-track="185" class="syl-line-pure-english">I must complain about...</p><p data-track="186">发展: This has put us to great inconvenience。</p><p data-track="187" class="syl-line-pure-english">Therefore, I am returning... and would greatly appreciate if you could replace it.</p><p data-track="188" class="syl-line-pure-english">We hope that you will understand our expectation of the compensation for our damaged goods.</p><p data-track="189" class="syl-line-pure-english">I would be grateful if this matter would have you immediate attention.</p><p data-track="190" class="syl-line-pure-english">Having been given your excellent reputation， I am sure you will do everything possible to...</p><p data-track="191">范例:</p><p data-track="192" class="syl-line-pure-english">Directions:</p><p data-track="193" class="syl-line-pure-english">You bought a computer chair( Model No: EF-02）from Eastern store. Last Friday, when you were typing an essay, you found the screws of the chair were loose. Write a letter to the customer service manager of the store to</p><p data-track="196" class="syl-line-pure-english">1) tell him about the broken-down chair 2)ask for a replacement</p><p data-track="197" class="syl-line-pure-english">Dear Manager:</p><p data-track="198" class="syl-line-pure-english">I purchased a computer chair( Model No: EF-02)from Eastern store on August 5, 2005. There were not any problems until last Friday, August 20, when I sat down to type an English essay. A pain was in my posterior. Upon further examination I noticed that the two screws which hold the chair together were loose.</p><p data-track="202" class="syl-line-pure-english">As a student, I spend a lot of time using my computer, so it is important for me to have a comfortable chair to sit on. But now, I find it difficult to sit on a chair with two screws constantly making their presence known. Some of my best jeans have been ruined in my attempts to use the chair. To make things worse, my English instructor has assigned another major essay that is due in three weeks and it must be finished with computer. Therefore, I hope I can get a chair that won't bite me from your store before this weekend.</p><p data-track="208" class="syl-line-pure-english">I would appreciate your help in replacing the chair in time for me to type the essay.</p><p data-track="209" class="syl-line-pure-english">Sincerely,</p><p data-track="210" class="syl-line-pure-english">Li Ming</p><p data-track="211">三、其他应用文</p><p data-track="212">(一)告示与通知Notice and Announcement</p><p data-track="213">告示,通知之类的应用文,写法灵活多样,有正式和非正式等多种形式,其目的均为告诉公众某件事或某项活动。文字要求简洁易懂,表达直截了当。这部分又可分为两类,一类是有关部门就某事发出的通知或张贴的告示,此类文件要求结构严谨,用词确切,通常使用比较正式的文体。另一类是关于会议或活动的简单通知,此类文章至少需要包含以下内容:时间、地点、活动内容。</p><p data-track="217">范例:</p><p data-track="218" class="syl-line-pure-english">Prince Alfred Park</p><p data-track="220" class="syl-line-pure-english">NOTICE</p><p data-track="221" class="syl-line-pure-english">Parking of vehicles, playing of golf, walking of dogs and the riding of bicycles is prohibited in this park. Unauthorized vehicles are prohibited in this park.</p><p data-track="224" class="syl-line-pure-english">Town Clerk</p><p data-track="225" class="syl-line-pure-english">ANNOUNCEMENT</p><p data-track="226" class="syl-line-pure-english">A TALK ON</p><p data-track="227" class="syl-line-pure-english">“ENGLISH TEACHING IN SHENZHEN”</p><p data-track="228" class="syl-line-pure-english">will be given by</p><p data-track="229" class="syl-line-pure-english">Comrade Wu Mingliang</p><p data-track="231" class="syl-line-pure-english">on Saturday, May 10</p><p data-track="232" class="syl-line-pure-english">at8:30a.m.</p><p data-track="233" class="syl-line-pure-english">in Room C510</p><p data-track="234" class="syl-line-pure-english">English Department Office</p><p data-track="235" class="syl-line-pure-english">ANNOUNCEMENT</p><p data-track="236" class="syl-line-pure-english">CONCERNED STUDENTS! We need volunteers to work with kids between the ages of 7 &17years. You would be able to gain valuable experiences while working in an activity of your choice (i. e.pool,gym, photography, dancing, weight lifting,etc.). For further information, please contact Barb Graham at the Memorial Boys' and Girls'Club(434-6054).</p><p data-track="240">(二)便笺(便条)Note</p><p data-track="241">便签是一种简短信函,形式比书信简单,多使用非正式文体。内容可包括:时间、收信人、事由、写信人。通常不写发信人地址,开头甚至可以略去Dear等称呼,结尾也可略去祝贺的话和 Yours sincerely等语言。其使用语言特点是通常情况下比一般的信函更接近口语。由于写信人和收信人对互相的情况都十分熟悉,因此一般的客套话均省略。</p><p data-track="245">范例:</p><p data-track="246" class="syl-line-pure-english">Jack, May 2</p><p data-track="248" class="syl-line-pure-english">I'm afraid that I have to go at 12: 00 today to meet an overseas visitor (from Beijing). Could you please ring me to make another time? Many thanks.</p><p data-track="251" class="syl-line-pure-english">Ted</p><p data-track="253" class="syl-line-pure-english">5th November, 1991.</p><p data-track="254" class="syl-line-pure-english">Dear Mr.Lin,</p><p data-track="255" class="syl-line-pure-english">I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for all you did for me in Beijing. I hope that you will contact me if there is anything I can do for you. In particular, I would be most glad to send you or the Department any books you need.</p><p data-track="258" class="syl-line-pure-english">Yours sincerely,</p><p data-track="261" class="syl-line-pure-english">(Signature) Professor T.R. Stevens</p><p data-track="266">(三)备忘录Memo</p><p data-track="269">备忘录主要用于公司或部门内部的交流,其主要作用是为雇员传达信息,本公司或部门之外的人一般是看不到的。备忘录一般使用非正式文体,但也可以根据内容及收文人与发文人之间关系而具体决定。例如向上级报道重要事情就需要使用正式的文体。备忘录内容可以采取段落的形式,也可采用数字编号。</p><p data-track="273">备忘录的结构形式一般包括以下几个部分:</p><p data-track="275">(1)信签上端的公司名称、地址、电话号码等(Letterhead）:一般只包括公司名称,地址可以省略。</p><p data-track="276">(2)信头( Headings):包括To,from, Subject 和 Date等措词。To后面接收件人姓名、职务等;From后面接备忘录写作者的姓名(注意作者姓名前面不用Dr.,Miss,Mr,Ms之类的称呼); Subject后是备忘录主要内容的概括性小标题;Date后写日期。</p><p data-track="279">(3)正文段落:主题下面空两行写正文,不用称呼和结尾礼词。</p><p data-track="281">(4)打字员姓名首字母(Reference Initials):写在正文末行空一行的地方。</p><p data-track="282">(5)附件(Enclosure)</p><p data-track="283">功能:1.提供会议摘要;2.为主管人员与职员之间的交流提供更便捷的渠道;3.确认电话交谈或</p><p data-track="284">会面的内容。</p><p data-track="285">范例:</p><p data-track="286" class="syl-line-pure-english">Memo</p><p data-track="287" class="syl-line-pure-english">To: All Staff</p><p data-track="288" class="syl-line-pure-english">From: Robert White, Managing Director</p><p data-track="290" class="syl-line-pure-english">Date:Jan 10 2004</p><p data-track="291" class="syl-line-pure-english">Subject: Entertainments Or Gifts During Spring Festival</p><p data-track="292" class="syl-line-pure-english">At around this time of year many invitations are received from companies and clients to Spring Festival dinners. Gifts are also sometimes received. I am sure that such offers only result from a job being well done and it is certainly pleasing to know that the level of service provided by staff is appreciated.</p><p data-track="297" class="syl-line-pure-english">The acceptance of any offers, entertainment or gifts can, however, lead to either a real or perceived conflict of interest. To ensure that this does not arises, all such offers should be declined and gifts returned.</p><p data-track="300" class="syl-line-pure-english">I should appreciate your understanding and cooperation.</p><p data-track="302" class="syl-line-pure-english">R.W</p></article><br>最后别忘了到沪学网下载免费课程！
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